April 9, 2023

Season 5, Episode One April 9, 2023

Season 5, Episode One April 9, 2023

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Not the Headlines explores microaggressions and tipping.  History includes a triple murder plot, ping pong diplomacy, and more.  The epilogue is the big story of the week:  Donald Trump's indictments.

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00:28 - Not the Headlines

10:32 - Go Back Through the Listening Tube

31:48 - Epilogue

Hello! Thank you for putting your ear to the Listening Tube! I’m your host, Bob Woodley. On this episode, we’ll hear about my experience with Labrynthitis, a triple murder plot involving a United States President, and the first time we noticed climate change. But first (not the headlines)…

A man who was seemingly perfect for a job, and accepted an oral offer of employment, had that job offer taken back when he referred to two of the women in charge of hiring him “ladies.” This was in Easthampton, Massachusetts, where the school commission is now the laughing stock of people around the world. That’s because they made a job offer to a man who had been Principal at the school before, was a football coach, had a great history with the school. The interview went great, and the committee voted 4 to 3 to make him an offer to become school superintendent. In fact, they were so enthusiastic about hiring him that they sent a police officer to his home to check on him when they couldn’t reach him by phone a few hours after the interview ended. Turns out he fell asleep. Once awake, he welcomed the offer. But then he sent an email to the school committee’s chairman, or chairlady, chairperson and her secretary. In it, he addressed them as ladies. The email itself was boilerplate stuff about the contract, but the recipients of the email couldn’t see past the greeting. The job offer was rescinded because the committee chair considered the term “ladies” to be a microagression, and the fact that he didn’t know that as an educator was a problem. The man in question tells the Boston Globe he was shocked. “I grew up in a time when ‘ladies’ and ‘gentlemen’ was a sign of respect.” he said, “I didn’t intend to insult anyone.” Don’t worry, dude. You didn’t insult anyone. If anything, you gave these ladies more credit than they deserve. 

The story doesn’t end there, though. The local teacher’s union is supporting the man, and demonstrations were held to protest the yoinking of the job offer. Yes, I said yoinking. Yoink. The teacher’s union facebook page condemns the act, accusing the school committee of changing votes behind closed doors and participating in cancel culture. Many of the citizen comments show support for the man in question, and are dumbfounded if not frustrated by the extreme swing in how some people will interpret what other people say. It’s almost like these wack-jobs are putting words in our mouths, and then accusing us of offending them. Lady is the second-best way to describe a woman. What’s the best way? Well, woman. I just said that. But if I walk into a room full of women, I’m going to say, “Good afternoon, ladies.” I’m also likely to say, “Good afternoon, gentlemen.” if I walk into a room of men. Inevitably, though, there’ll be one guy who looks around and says, “Gentlemen? I don’t see any gentlemen in here!” which will certainly cause a brief moment of laughter. I’ve never known a woman who didn’t want to be called a lady. Not only is this superintendent candidate confused, so is every woman I’ve talked to about this story. Not a single woman I spoke with understood what the man had done wrong. So what did he do wrong? What is a microaggression?

Look that up liner

The Meriam-Webster dictionary has a definition that is as vague as the definition of the word “is” is to Bill Clinton. If you break down the word, micro means very small, and aggression means I want to punch you in the face. So, microaggression means I want to punch you in the face, but in a very small way. meriam-Webster calls microaggression “a comment or action that subtly and often unconsciously or unintentionally expresses a prejudiced attitude toward a member of a marginalized group (such as a racial minority). It goes on to say that the power of microaggression lies in its invisibility to the perpetrator, who typically finds it difficult to believe that he or she possesses biased attitudes. So, microaggression is by definition unconscious, unintentional, and invisible to the perpetrator, and the term ladies is a display of bias or prejudice toward a marginalized group. Well, are women a marginalized group? There are more women than men, so they’re not a minority. Or are women only marginalized when they’re referred to as ladies? No, the only marginalized group in the Easthampton school district is the group of people who have fallen into the microaggression culture, and use an invisible, unconscious and unintentional word or act to punish someone for the sake of making yourself look more evolved. What makes me wonder is how these two women expected to be supported for such an asinine dereliction of duty to the students and taxpayers of their community. Neither woman has spoken to the media since the word got out. They should both resign and take a refresher course at a finishing school. Maybe they just need to be reminded what it’s like to be a lady.

The definition of a lady has certainly changed over the years. At one time, it was a way to describe a woman who knew the rules of etiquette and ballroom dancing. Today, a lady might be the one who picks up the check at the restaurant. That’s usually the case when my wife and I go out to dinner. She always pays. The fun part is when the waiter or waitress hands me the check, and I just point at my lovely wife and and say, “She’s buyin’!” If I believe the waiter has a good sense of humor, I’ll remind them how sexist it is to assume I’m paying because I’m the gentleman. My wife handles our finances, so out of respect, I let her choose how to pay. Sometimes she asks me how much we should tip, and I’ll do the math, either in my head or on the calculator my fourth grade teacher told me I wouldn’t be carrying around with me. Now who’s the smart guy, Mr. Belski? She’s a lot more generous than I, despite being married to two bartenders before her. Those two taught me all about tipping! Tipping seems to be an American habit. You don’t have tipping in European restaurants. But for some reason, there’s a group of business owners in America that believe we should pay their employees directly. The amount of the tip is determined by the amount of the bill. The higher the bill, the higher the tip, and some places make the tip mandatory for parties more than eight or ten people. While that almost sounds illegal, it isn’t. Tipping has generally been restricted to certain occupations like wait staff, bartenders, and perhaps your letter or newspaper bringer. But now, other types of services are jumping on the tip bandwagon. Delivery drivers, car wash attendants, even places that only offer take-out food have a tip jar on the counter, as if we’re somehow obligated to pay extra for the privilege of getting out of the car, walking into the business, and then driving back home before the food gets cold. But there are other ways businesses help you pay their employees. A recent story from NewsNation introduces us to the phrase “tip creeping.” That’s when the tip jar is gone, but when you swipe your credit card, you’ll be asked how much extra you wish to add to the total as a gratuity. And it doesn’t even have to be at a restaurant. Anywhere you use a credit or debit card can now ask you for a little more. On a personal level, my wife likes to leave a tip in cash, that way nobody else, like the credit card company, gets a cut of it. But it turns out there’s another benefit to the consumer who tips in cash: most Americans tip 11 percent more then they tip digitally. Plus, while older folks consider 15 percent to be a good tip to begin with, the credit card kiosks usually ask for a tip of at least 18 percent, with options that go up from there. Don’t get me wrong, I’m not trying to cheat money from a hard-working waitstaff. I think it’s a shame certain employers expect the customer to pay the employee directly in the form of a tip. And while the prices of everything has gone up, and people are looking for ways to cut costs from everyday expenses, keeping a closer eye on the amount you tip could add up to a lot of money more wisely spent. You could even take some of that tip money and subscribe to the Listening Tube for as little as three dollars a month. That’s a 15 percent tip on a 20-dollar check.

Let’s go back liner

1633

The formal inquest of Galileo Galilei by the Inquisition begins. Even though this happened in 1633, the story still resonates to this day. Galileo used a telescope to confirm what he believed to be correct about another theory, that of Copernicus. Copernicus was the first to suggest the Earth was not the center of the universe. Galileo made observations that showed the sun was the center of our known universe at the time, which was in conflict with the powerful Catholic church. He had to ultimately agree that he was wrong in order to save his hide, and be sentenced to only house arrest, where he would die nine years later. Today’s church has a much better relationship with science than it did then. In fact, the Vatican formally acknowledged its mistake in 1992, a mere 300 plus years later. And the church probably realized they were wrong right away, but didn’t like the way the science was presented to them. The way that Galileo wrote it was an obvious insult to the church. But even more than that, Galileo made people ask, “Where is heaven?”

1710

The Statute of Anne, the first law regulating copyright, becomes official in Great Britain. Here it is, more than 300 years later, and I tell everyone at the end of this program that it’s copyrighted. I sometimes run into trouble though, with the music I use at the end of each episode. On a few occasions, youtube won’t let me upload an episode because the music I used at the end was controlled by somebody who didn’t want me to be able to use it. Most times, they simply tell me it’s a copyright infringement and let it slide. It’s not like I’m making money from using their music, I usually just try to find a song that relates to the subject matter, or to make a related point or as a parody. I’m greatful to the artists that allow me to add their music to my program, however little of it, so that I may create this program how I imagine it in my head. Copyright 2023.

1755

Samuel Johnson’s A Dictionary of the English Language is published in London. I wonder if he remembered to copyright it...

1775

The first abolition society in North America is established. The Society for the Relief of Free Negroes Unlawfully Held in Bondage is organized in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania by Benjamin Franklin and Benjamin Rush. Is there anything Benjamin Franklin couldn’t do?

1815

The Mount Tambora volcano in Indonesia begins a three-month-long eruption. The eruption would kill 71-thousand people and affect Earth’s climate for the next two years. “Climate change!” said everyone, 200 years before Al Gore came along. 

1817

Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet and Laurent Clerc founded the American School for the Deaf, the first American school for deaf students, in Hartford, Connecticut. Full disclosure: I lost the hearing in my right ear three years ago. It literally happened overnight. It was a Sunday evening, the last weekend in March of 2020, just as the entire country was closing down because of Covid 19. Just to be clear, it wasn’t the pandemic that caused the hearing loss. In fact, I didn’t get covid until December of 2022. No, I came down with something called Labrynthitis. At first misdiagnosed as Minier’s Disease. My wife and I just sat down to watch television, and my ears felt like they clogged up. I even mentioned it to her. I popped them like you might on an airplane, and my right ear began to ring a bit. I remember wondering if the ringing would keep me awake later. It didn’t. I slept like a baby. But when I woke up on Monday morning, and lifted my head to look at my alarm clock, I couldn’t focus on it very well. Those big, red, LED numbers kept moving around. When I sat up in bed, I felt dizzy. When I tried to stand, I realized I couldn’t. Not without falling down, anyway. It still didn’t dawn on me that I could no longer hear any sounds entering my right ear. All I knew was that I couldn’t walk without holding on to something. It was a pretty scary thing to wake up to. But since it was Monday morning, I had a responsibility to get to work. Because of the pandemic, my company just initiated a policy of not reporting to the office. Good thing, because I could barely walk, let alone drive. I managed to feel my way down stairs by holding on to the hand rail my father-in-law installed when we moved in a decade earlier. I got to the bottom of the steps and crawled across the floor to my cell phone, which was on a table next to the couch in the living room. It was probably around this time that I realized I could no longer hear with my right ear. When you call your boss to report in on a Monday morning and you put the phone to your ear after crawling across the floor to get to it and you don’t hear anything, your first instinct is to assume there’s something wrong with the phone, or the connection, or whatever. The last possibility you consider is that your ear no longer works. After all, it worked yesterday, and there’s no reason to believe it shouldn’t work today. Plus, it was the vertigo that was most obvious. I didn’t even know how to explain it to my boss, but as long as I didn’t need to show up at the office, I figured I’d get past it before I had to explain it. Well, the vertigo, or if I may be a little more precise, the vomit-inducing vertigo, lasted for three days. At some point, I realized I could no longer hear on my right side, and the only sound I could hear was a ringing sound. Sometimes other sounds would appear. I know you can’t see sounds, but the sounds themselves would create a vision in my mind of different sizes and shapes of metal banging against each other. Some were large, with deep-sounding reverberations, others sounded more like muted triangles; the thin, metal instrument you might find in an orchestra, but without the ring they normally produce. It may have been covered up by the ringing that started that one Sunday night in March of 2020 and hasn’t stopped for more than three years now. No sound may enter, but if nothing changes, I’ll never hear silence again. 

Losing half of your hearing overnight is a life-changing experience. When I had stereo hearing, I had really good stereo hearing. I could pinpoint a squeak in a ceiling fan, put that red straw on the can of WD-40, and one little squirt would take care of it. I could tell if the balance was off on a stereo, to the point that it annoyed me. Now, I just have to spray the whole damn ceiling fan and hope I hit the squeak. No need for the red straw. Music, which had been a huge part of my life, was all of a sudden barely recognizable. At first, I wouldn’t be able to identify a song I’d heard a million times before. Maybe 20 or 30 seconds in, I would hear a part that I recognized, and would be able to name the song. It didn’t stay that way, though. After a while, it seemed like my brain adjusted, and it would fill in the parts I wasn’t hearing anymore. For songs I had heard many times before, I was still able to hear them the way I remembered them. As for new songs, I don’t know if I’m hearing them the way they’re meant to be heard.

A lot of everyday events are different as well. I have to be a little more careful crossing the street. I don’t know from where sound is coming. If a phone rings at a restaurant, I can’t tell who’s phone it is. When I get home and say, “Honey, I’m home!” my wife would say something like, “I”m in here!” usually meaning she’s in the living room. But now I’m no longer sure. She, too, has had to adjust to my situation. The sound of her voice sounds the same to me whether it’s coming from the living room or upstairs. When I’m driving the car, and she’s on the side of my head with the ear that doesn’t work, I have to turn off the radio or I won’t be able to understand anything she says. In fact, the name of this program is a result of that scenario. I would joke that we need some kind of tube that she could speak in to while I’m driving that would direct her words into my left ear. A listening tube, if you will. She’s been very patient with me and my ailment. Another reason to love her so much. Ironically, she rarely, if ever, listens to this program. But to her credit, she often hears a lot if it before you hear it. Put yourself in her shoes for a moment. Who do you feel bad for now? Yea, her, right? Not me. I’m OK with that. Living with one working ear has its challenges and surprises, but it’s not like I lost a hand, right? Or a foot? Or an eye? Or is it? Honestly, it’s been three years and I’m not sure what to think of it, except that is sucks compared to having two working ears. I’ve had people tell me they couldn’t, or wouldn’t want to live with a constant ringing in their head. I get that. But what’s the alternative? Sure, I’ll never hear silence again, and I have to look around to figure out who called my name, and there’s not a company on the planet that makes earbuds for someone like me. But if I sit at the right spot at the bar, or in a restaurant; if I sit on the right side of the concert hall when I go to the symphony, it’s almost normal. I lost a year of experiences when the pandemic shut everything down, so I’m still learning what it’s like, and there are more experiences I’ll have for the first time since my right ear died. But I have found some silver linings. If you’ve ever been to the beach, you know it’s always windy. The sound of the wind and the sound of the surf often dominate the environment. Combined, it’s as much an audible experience as a visual or physical one. In my case, I can turn my head to control which sounds I hear. I can turn my head to isolate the sound of the waves, or change my perspective to only hear the wind. It’s not a fair trade by any stretch of the imagination, but it’s something I can control now that I couldn’t before. You might even consider it an ability I have that most other people don’t. But that’s a very isolated example. For the most part, at my age, I’d rather give up my right testicle than the hearing in my right ear. I only have the left ear now, so my left testicle better watch out... 

1828

Noah Webster copyrights the first edition of his dictionary. Well, nobody remembers that British guy who published the first Dictionary of the English language in 1755, 45 years after copyright laws were put in place in England. No, everybody remembers Webster. The Listening Tube, copyright 2023. 

1860

On his phonautograph machine, Édouard-Léon Scott de Martinville makes the oldest known recording of an audible human voice. Let’s take a listen to what it said...

We're out of mead again!

1865

U.S. President Abraham Lincoln is assassinated in Ford’s Theatre by John Wilkes Booth. On the same day, U.S. Secretary of State William H. Seward and his family are attacked in his home by Lewis Powell. Secretary Seaward was largely responsible for the purchase of Alaska from Russia. As it turns out, Vice-President Johnson was also targeted that fateful day in history. It was a triple murder plot by John Wilkes Booth, Lewis Powell, and a third man named George Atzerodt, who’s target was Johnson. While John Wilkes Booth had a relatively easy time getting close enough to Lincoln to fire a fatal shot, Powell had a much tougher time of it, despite Seaward being confined to his bed thanks to a carriage accident over a week earlier. Not being familiar with Washington, D.C., Powell was escorted the Seaward home by another co-conspirator who would wait with Powell’s horse while Seaward was killed. But once inside the home, a story on all that’s interesting dot com says he found plenty of resistance. First from Seaward’s son Fredrick, the Assistant Secretary of State, then another son, Augustus. Powell pistol-whipped Fred and stabbed Augy. By this time, the story says Lincoln had already been shot. Powell made his way to the bedroom of the elder Seaward, but he had a body guard, a nurse and his daughter in the room with him. All three were taken by surprise and injured. Powell did manage to stab his intended target in the neck and chest. It was about then that Seward’s eldest son, Major William Seward Jr. came in the room and was also stabbed.

Believing he’s accomplished his task, Powell fled, only to find his horse tied to a tree; his escort gone. We wandered the streets for more than two days until he finally found a familiar place. It was the home of another co-conspirator. Unfortunately for Powell, the police were there asking questions, and he was arrested on the spot. Lincoln is dead, Seaward is badly injured along with more than a half-dozen others who tried to defend him. As for Vice-President Johnson, he never knew he was a target until later, as his assigned assassin got drunk instead of carrying out the mission.

Two years later, in 1867, passing by a single vote, the United States Senate ratifies a treaty with Russia for the purchase of Alaska. At the time, they called it Seward’s folly. Today, it’s the biggest state in the union, and a wealth of beauty and natural resources.

1934

The strongest surface wind gust in the world at 231 mph, is measured on the summit of Mount Washington, New Hampshire. That place still blows.

1956

In Chicago, Illinois, videotape is first demonstrated. Odds are it was pornography.

1960

The United States launches Transit 1-B, the world’s first satellite navigation system.

1968

President Lyndon B. Johnson signs the Civil Rights Act of 1968, prohibiting discrimination in the sale, rental, and financing of housing. Now, the city of San Francisco is considering paying reparations to black people who can trace their ancestry to slavery. One of the reasons is because of housing discrimination, since there was never any slavery in California. But clearly, there was a law prohibiting such discriminatory behavior since 1968. 

1971

In an attempt to thaw relations with the United States, the People’s Republic of China hosts the U.S. table tennis team for a week long visit. They called it Ping-Pong diplomacy, and it was big news back in 1971. China was still a largely agricultural country then, and very few citizens had cars. Bicycles were the major form of transportation in China. Now, thanks to cheap labor, China is an industrial powerhouse, growing rich enough from goods exported to western countries to build a world-class military and challenge the United States as the world’s most powerful nation. I’m sure there’s a video about it on tic toc.

1986

One kilogram hailstones fall on the Gopalganj district of Bangladesh. Almost a hundred people were killed by the falling ice bombs. The 2.2 pound hailstones are the heaviest ever recorded. 

1999

A severe hailstorm strikes Sydney, Australia causing A$2.3 billion in insured damages, the most costly natural disaster in Australian history.

2005

The Oregon Supreme Court nullifies marriage licenses issued to gay couples a year earlier by Multnomah County. So, it wasn’t really that long ago that gay marriage was still an issue being fought on a state-by-state basis. Today, transsexual issues are the battlefield. A major sticking point is the participation of people who were men now claiming to be women and wanting to compete against them in sports. A Judge in Virginia recently granted a 12-year-old the right to participate on the girls track team, even though he wasn’t born a girl. About two dozen states have enacted laws that prohibit that from happening. This is a battle that will be fought not just in the courts, but also in the doctor’s office. It’s certainly a very personal issue, and I understand why women athletes feel threatened by the infusion of another gender into their realm. Women fought for decades for the same opportunities as male athletes, resulting in Title IX laws that have resulted in significant progress regarding women’s sports at the high school and collegiate levels. 

There are a lot of sympathizers of the transsexual community, but their tactics have reached an almost militant level of veracity. The recent example of a woman swimmer who was attacked by a mob of trans militants at a San Francisco university shows the divide between the people who were born women and the people who identify as women. Their mantra, “Trans rights are human rights” may be true, but women’s rights are human rights is also true. If you claim to be “trans” then you can’t claim to be a man or a woman. While “Sometimes you feel like a nut, sometimes you don’t” may be a fine slogan on a candy bar commercial, it’s not a designation you want on your birth certificate or driver’s license.

Phone and email liner

I guess the big news between the last episode and this one is that Donald Trump was indicted on 34 counts of falsifying business forms in New York. The media made a spectacle of it, following every step of the process, including the Donald’s plane taking off from Florida to the time it landed in New York, and the motorcade to the courthouse, like it was Los Angeles helicopters following O.J. Simpson in the back of a white Bronco, but in this case, it was black Cadillacs. Having never happened before in the short history of the United States, there were a lot of protocol that needed to be established. Standard operating procedures would not apply here. The entire ballet would be choreographed from Mar-a-lago to the District Courthouse and beyond, with the man now charged with 34 crimes holding a press conference back at home in Florida the very same evening. 

But even before his day in court, Donald Trump was the talk of the town while the people behind the scenes designed the dance. The Secret Service, New York City police, traffic authorities and all sorts of supporting cast had to pull off a spectacle the likes of which had never been seen before. There was much speculation as to what the charges would be, how much prison time the former President of the United States might be facing, and how strong a case there was against him. All before anybody knew what the charges were. Would he be handcuffed? The Secret Service would have none of that. What about a mugshot? As it turns out, social media had already created one the Booking center could just download. The prognosticators and soothsayers had their moment in the sun while reasonable people just waited to hear the actual charges before offing up any opinions. I’d like to consider myself among the latter. Regardless, the media got their once-in-a-lifetime event, and America watched with interest. After all, Donald Trump is a polarizing figure. People love him and people hate him. For various reasons. Sure, he can be a bombastic ass, flying around in a jet with his name painted on the outside. If I had a jet, I don’t think I’d get my last name pained on it. Trump might work well, but I don’t think Woodley would have the same aesthetics. I’d probably just go with Bob. People would say, “Hey, there’s Bob’s plane.” But he’s also admired for his negotiating prowess and statesmanship. He’s a born leader. The fact that he’s running for President again makes him a target of political challengers as well as the news media. Love him or hate him, you have to give Donald Trump credit for putting up a fight. He may not always follow the rules, but all’s fair in love and war, and if Donald Trump were a General, he’d be the type to take the war to the enemy instead of waiting for the enemy to come to him. In the case of the 34-count indictment, he had no options on offense. He had to wait for the enemy to come to him, and it did, in the form of the Manhattan District Attorney. I don’t know if you read the indictment, but I began reading it with sincere interest, but found that it quickly got repetitive. It seemed like there were two distinct occasions cited, and 17 different crimes for each occasion. I know there’s been a lot of talk about how the statute of limitation had run out so they had to concoct a way to attach a felony to it in order to still prosecute. I’ve heard all about how the D.A. made getting Donald Trump a campaign promise to the voters of Manhattan. Nevertheless, charges were brought, Mr. Trump showed up for his court date, pleaded Not Guilty, and was released on his own recognizance, pending trial. Will there be a trial? We’ll see. That’ll give the TV pundits something to talk about until then. In the meantime, backroom deals are being made, lawyers are crafting strategies, and politicians both for and against Donald Trump try to figure out how deep their loyalties lie. The liberal side of the media will insist Donald Trump should be hanged for his transgressions. The legal scholars will debate the merits of the indictment. Legal maneuvering will shape the future trajectory of the drama. Perhaps a change of venue, then choosing a jury. Maybe a settlement of some type. For those who think this will stop Donald Trump from running for President, it won’t. Since the indictment, the Trump campaign has received over 10 million dollars in contributions to the cause, about one-third from first-time donors. So, what looks to many as a way to disgrace the former President turned out to be a windfall of campaign funds and a revival of sorts for Trump supporters.

There’s still much history to be made, though. Two more investigations of Donald Trump are still in progress. Many pundits think the New York case is the weakest among them. Time will tell, while the pundits will try to predict.

From an historical perspective, we may be witnessing a turning point in American history. There are already calls for President Biden to be charged with crimes either during or immediately following his current term. So perhaps our government has devolved into litigious society, where elections are won in a courtroom instead of at the ballot box. We’ll have a government in which the price you pay to reach the top is four to eight years in the White House followed by the same sentence in the big house. If that’s the case, how many people will even want to be President? Will we make the cost of success so high that our best and brightest won’t want to subject themselves to such scrutiny, ridicule and harassment? Oh, wait. That’s already happened. If our best and brightest were already running things, we might not be in the position we’re in now. Then again, if we didn’t enjoy the circus so much, maybe the press would stop delivering more clowns. You know who I feel sorry for? The elected officials who do their jobs without fanfare. To the representative who simply goes to Washington to represent the people of your district, thank you for what you do. Your measured response to your brief moments in the spotlight are a comfort, in contrast to the elected representatives who make spectacles of themselves for self promotion and fund-raising. It’s the goofballs and lunatic fringe the press always puts in front of us, keeping us divided, unable to compromise, and further isolated from each other. My question is, “are we going to get tired of the circus before the clowns become the ringmasters?”

The Listening Tube is written and produced by yours truly. Copyright 2023. Thank you for putting your ear to The Listening Tube! Subscribe today! I’m your host, Bob Woodley for thou ad infinitum.